Will we ever be able to do quantum teleportation?
Is teleportation possible? Could a baseball ball transport radio waves travel through buildings, bounce around the corner, and change back into a baseball? Oddly enough, thanks to quantum mechanics, the answer might actually be. sort of. Here is the trick: the baseball itself couldn't be sent by radio but all the information about it could. In quantum physics, atoms and electrons are interpreted as a collection of distinct properties, for example position, momentum and intrinsic spin.
The values of this property configure the particle. giving it a quantum state identity. If two electrons have the same quantum states, they're identical. In a literal sense, our baseball is defined by collective quantum states resulting from its many atoms. If this quantum state information could be read in Boston and around the world, atoms for the same chemical elements could have this information imprinted on them in Bangalore and be carefully directed to assemble, becoming the exact same baseball. There's a wrinkle though. Quantum states aren't so easy to measure. The uncertainty principle in quantum physics implies the position and momentum of a particle can't be measured at the same time. The simplest way to measure the exact position of an electron requires scattering a particle of light, photon, from it. But that scattering changes the momentum of the electron in an unpredictable way. We lost all previous information about momentum. In a sense, quantum information is fragile. Measuring the information changes it. So how can we transit something we aren't permitted to fully read without destroying it? The answer can be found in the strange phenomena of quantum entanglement.
Entanglement is an old mystery from the early days of quantum physics and still not entirely understood. Entangling the spin of two electrons results in an influence that transcends distance. Measuring the spin of the first electron determines what spin will measure for the second, whether the particles are a mile or a light year apart. Somehow, information about the first electron's quantum state, called a qubit of data, influences it's partner without transmission across the intervening space. Einstein and his colleagues called this strange communication spooky action at a distance. While it does seem that entangle between two particles helps transfer a qubit instantaneously across the space between them, there's a catch.
These interactions must begin locally. The two electrons must be entangled in close proximity before one of them is to a new site. By itself, quantum entanglement is not teleportation. To complete the teleport. We need a digital message to help interpret the qubit at the receiving end. Two bits of data created by measuring the first particle. These digital bits must be transmitted by a classical channel that's limited by the speed of light, radio, microwave or perhaps fiber optics. When we measure a particle for this digital message, we destroy it quantum information which means the baseball must disappear from Boston for it to teleport to Bangalore thanks to uncertainty principle, teleportation transfers the information about the baseball between the two cities and never duplicates it. So in principle, we could teleport objects to even people, but at present it seems unlikely we can measure its quantum states of trillion or more atoms in large objects and recreate them elsewhere. The complexity of this task and energy needed is astronomical. For now, we can reliably teleport single electron and atoms, which may lead to super secured data encryption for future quantum computers. The philosophical implications of quantum teleportation are subtle. A reported object doesn't exactly transport across space like tangible matter nor does it exactly transmit across space, like intangible information.
the idea of teleportation is how to connect 2 points in space in which anything could pass through this gate, it isn't about making the same exact replica of something. the electron seems to disappear from a place and appears in another, the logical thing to do is study how does it transcend to simulate it and how can we increase this distance to strengthen it
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